Human T Lymphotropic Viruses (HTLV) 1/2: A Search Perspective On Virology, Clinical Manifestations And Epidemiology in Nigeria
Keywords:
Adult T-cell leukaemia, Epidemiology, Human T Lymphotropic virus-1, Human T Lymphotropic Viruse-2, HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy, Nigeria, Tropical Spastic ParaparesisAbstract
Human T Lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) are complex delta retroviridae; a family of retroviruses which includes both Simian T-Lymphotrophic Vvirus (STLV-1) and Bovine Leukaemia Vvirus (BLV). It is an enveloped virus, the only human pathogen of the subfamily Oncovirinae, which includes HTLV-1, and HTLV-2. Other new members are HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. It has a worldwide distribution affecting between 10 and 20 million people. HTLV-1 is primarily associated with adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV - 2 is rarely pathogenic and is sporadically associated with neurological disorders. HTLV-1 and 2 can infect T cells, B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, synovial cells and endothelial cells and it can also cause malignant transformation in T cells. It causes a chronic lifelong infection and currently has no cure.
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